INDUTRIAL RO PLANT

INDUSTRIAL REVERSE OSMOSIS

What is scientific and technological progress? The fact that a person reveals the laws of nature and puts them at his service. The same thing happened with the phenomenon of osmosis, which was described already at the end of the 19th century.

In simple terms, osmosis is the process of penetration of molecules of a liquid medium from a volume in which a lower content of salts and other substances is observed into a volume with a higher concentration of dissolved substances. The liquid medium passes from one volume to another through a semi-permeable partition.

100 years after a detailed study of this biological process, man used it in his favor, but in the opposite direction. So there were reverse osmosis plants. Their main element is a membrane made of polymeric material, the pore sizes of which are so small that only H ₂ O molecules are pressed through them, and the vast majority of contaminants remain on the other side of the septum and subsequently merge into the drainage. It is noteworthy that the semi-permeable membrane becomes an insurmountable obstacle for organic and inorganic substances, but is “open” to hydrogen molecules, which retains the freshness and pleasant taste of the water obtained at the outlet.

Reverse osmosis is considered the most effective way of water treatment, but due to the high cost of equipment, it is rarely used in everyday life. However, it is widely used in various industries.

Scopes of industrial reverse osmosis plants

·         Bottled water for sale

·         Production of perfumes and cosmetics

·         Production of drugs and pharmacological agents

·         Water treatment for boiler rooms

·         Production of mineral fertilizers and other agricultural products

·         Production of varnishes, paints, impregnations, electrolytes

·         Food production (all types of drinks, dairy products, juices, ice cream, etc.)

The device for industrial reverse osmosis

The water treatment system for the industry is a complex structure of interconnected installations, filters and valves. Before the water passes the reverse osmosis treatment technology, it needs to be treated first. For this, coarse filtration equipment is used, as well as iron removers and sorption cartridges. This will save the liquid medium from large and medium particles, chlorine and other contaminants that can damage the membrane both physically and chemically.

The industrial reverse osmosis plant is enclosed in a steel or aluminum frame, which ensures the strength of the entire structure.

The main working elements of the reverse osmosis unit are:

·         1.High-pressure pump. Given the great performance of the industrial water treatment system, pumping equipment is necessary for a stable fluid supply. To reduce energy consumption, a frequency converter is usually used - a device that regulates the supply of the right amount of energy to the pump motor. This allows you to maintain the required pressure level in the system.

·         2. Mechanical multi-cartridge fine filter. The technology of this device consists in the fact that water is subjected to thin-layer filtration through a highly porous material, which is usually polyester or polypropylene. The dimensions of the holes of the cartridges determine the degree of purification of water from suspended solids. Often the elements are positioned so that their pores shrink as water moves toward the outlet. In fact, fine cleaning is the final “polishing” of the liquid before it is fed to the membranes.

·         3.Dosage inhibitor. This device is responsible for increasing the inter-regeneration period of semi-permeable partitions. As a main working element, as a rule, phosphorus-containing complex ones are used that inhibit (suppress) the release of the solid phase from solutions of calcium carbonate deposited on the membrane and impair its filtering ability. Inhibitor dosing allows you to extend the quality of the equipment without regeneration. Note that regeneration is still required, but much later than without the use of substances that prevent the deposition of salts.

·         4. pH corrector. Both too low and too high an acidity (alkalinity) of the liquid medium is harmful to the equipment, and also makes its own adjustments to the quality of cleaning. The filter medium in the pH corrector is calcite.

·         5. Modules with membranes. Depending on the quality of the source water and the specifics of production, the reverse osmosis system can have 1, 2 or more pressure vessels, in which filter elements are placed. For example, 1 pressure case is installed, as a rule, in a small enterprise. The productivity of such a system is from 0.1 to 5 m ³ / h.

·         Typically, an industrial reverse osmosis plant has 2 pressure vessels, but 3 or more modules can be installed at large facilities. Despite the high capital costs, these systems are not only more efficient but also economically viable - in these cases, the ratio of the filtrate to concentrate reaches 75%. This provides a high percentage of clean water output from the installation, a small discharge into the drainage system, which means low energy consumption. However, in this case, additional measures should be taken to restore the filtering capabilities of the membranes located in the second group. It must be added that the modules can be installed both sequentially and in parallel - it depends on the performance, functionality, and design of the system.

·         Separately, it must be said about the filtering technology itself. In industrial systems, water passes through a membrane web collected in a roll. These filter elements differ in the composition and number of layers, which in most cases can be reduced to the following: mesh, polyethylene substrate, woven polyester fiber, and several membrane layers. Rolls can have a diameter of 4 and 8 inches.

·         6. Membrane flushing system. It is obvious that contaminated filter elements require increased energy consumption, therefore, measures must be taken to clean them in a timely manner. The flushing procedure will remove all contaminants remaining on the partition during operation and wash them in the drain.

           

In addition, industrial reverse osmosis systems have many additional devices, instruments, and installations that increase its productivity and extend its service life. Firstly, it is a system of rinsing the membranes during downtime. Permeate, i.e. purified water is used as a rinse. Secondly, these are turbines for the recovery of energy that is contained in the spent liquid. Energy is sent to increase the pressure of the liquid being charged. Thirdly, this is a recirculation line, which serves to increase the flow rate in the membranes and increase the conversion of filtered water compared to the discharge. Fourth, these are sensors for monitoring the presence of a liquid medium in the supply pipe, which protects the system from "dry running". And finally, this is an automation and control system, with the help of which all operational processes are carried out. This includes all kinds of pressure switches, shut-off valves and more.

Industrial reverse osmosis  plant effectively clean the liquid from 99.9% of contaminants, which allows them to be used in facilities with the most stringent requirements for water quality. A reverse osmosis system for any industrial sector should be designed only taking into account specific conditions - the specifics of the enterprise, the quality of the source water and other factors.

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